Uterine fibroids are a common gynecologic condition that affect many women during their reproductive years. These noncancerous growths develop in or around the uterus and vary in size from very small nodules to larger masses that can alter the shape of the uterus. While not all fibroids cause symptoms, for some women they can interfere with daily life and overall well-being.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Fibroids, or leiomyomas or myomas, are made up of muscle tissue that grows in the uterine wall. Their cause is unknown, but family history, hormones, and age are believed to play a part. Fibroids are most common in women aged 30 to 40 years, but they can occur at any age of childbearing.

Common Symptoms

The signs of uterine fibroids depend on their size, number, and position. Some women have no symptoms at all. The symptoms include heavy or prolonged menstrual flow, pain or pressure in the pelvis, frequent urination, difficulty emptying the bladder, constipation, and painful sexual intercourse. Some women develop fertility issues or problems with pregnancy.

Diagnosis

Fibroids can be detected during a routine pelvic exam. To diagnose, your OBGYN may request imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. These tests ascertain the size and location of fibroids, which is very important in planning the appropriate treatment for you.

Treatment Options

Not all fibroids require treatment. For women with mild or no symptoms, watchful waiting with regular monitoring may be all that is necessary. For those experiencing disruptive symptoms, several treatment options are available. Medications can help manage symptoms such as heavy bleeding or pain. Minimally invasive procedures, including uterine artery embolization and laparoscopic surgery, target fibroids while preserving healthy uterine tissue. In some cases, hysterectomy may be recommended as a permanent solution, particularly if other treatments have not been effective and childbearing is not a concern.

Partnering With Your OBGYN

Living with fibroids can be challenging, but individualized care makes a difference. By working closely with your OBGYN, you can better understand your condition, weigh your treatment options, and make informed decisions about your reproductive health.